Lack Of Sleep Ages BodyS Systems Essays - Dream, Sleep, Parasomnias

Lack Of Sleep Ages Body'S Systems Reaction Paper 1 (Sample Reaction Paper) Ron Gerrard, HWS Psychology Department My paper is based on an article from the texts web site (chapter 9) entitled Lack of sleep ages bodys systems. The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivation. Intuitively, these results make a lot of sense to me. I know that when Im sleep deprived for any significant amount of time, I begin to feel physically miserable. I also seem to be more vulnerable to colds and other physical ailments. In thinking about it though, most of the times Im sleep deprived are also periods of psychological stress (such as finals week). To the extent that there are changes in my physical well-being, Im wondering whether they are due to the sleep deprivation, the stress itself, or some combination of the two. In principle, a careful experiment should be able to isolate the effects of sleep deprivation by depriving people of sleep in the absence of stress and other such confounding variables. That seems to be what this experiment does, but as I read the article closely, I found myself unsure that the effects it reports are necessarily due to sleep deprivation per se. I realize that a brief summary article like this does not provide all the details of the experimental methodology, but a couple of things that were reported in the article struck me as curious. The researchers studied physical functioning (cortisol levels, etc.) in men who had a normal nights sleep (eight hours in bed) the first three nights of the study, followed by a period of sleep deprivation (four hours in bed) the next six nights of the study, and finally a period of sleep recovery (12 hours in bed) the last seven nights of the study. In reporting the effects on the body (the discussion of glucose metabolism, in the fifth paragraph of the article) the authors compare the sleep deprivation stage only to the sleep recovery stage, not to normal sleep. This seems to me like doing an experiment on drunkenness and comparing the drunk stage to the hangover stage, without ever reporting what happens when the person is sober. Since normal sleep would seem to be the appropriate control c ondition here, the absence of results from that condition makes me wonder if something unusual was found there and not reported in the article. Another potential problem comes from the sequential nature of the different sleep conditions. All participants had normal sleep, then sleep deprivation, then sleep recovery (in that order). Therefore, the three conditions differ not only in the amount of sleep, but also in the level of familiarity with the experimental procedures. Why should that make a difference? Well, consider the results reported for the stress hormone cortisol. In comparing people who are sleep deprived (days 4-9 of the study) with those who are in sleep recovery (days 10-16 of the study), they are comparing people early in the experiment to those later in the experiment. If the experimental procedures are themselves stressful (e.g. drawing a blood sample) then a person who has been through it more often might find it less stressful, and therefore not respond so strongly. This fact, rather than the amount of sleep itself, might explain the pattern of results in the physiological data. Im not sure whether the methodological issues Ive raised really do account for all the studys results, but they should be corrected in future research on sleep deprivation. The easiest way to do this, it seems to me, would be to simply compare two different groups of participants, randomly assigned to either a normal sleep condition or a sleep deprivation condition. Each participant would be in his/her respective condition throughout the experiment, so there would not be any difference in general experimental familiarity that could account for

Responses to Reading Sample Essay for ESL Adult Students

Responses to Reading Sample Essay for ESL Adult StudentsCan you respond to reading sample essay for ESL adult students? What should your response be? Is the level of expectation too high or too low? This essay sample is meant to give you ideas on how to improve the quality of your writing and what the job market demands.When you speak with a typical ESL student, he or she is probably too busy worrying about the need to move up the career ladder. They don't have the time to sit down and write out an essay. They have the ability to write in short bursts, but they don't have the time to devote to their work. They're going to use this essay sample to see if you can respond to it and provide them with the tools to make the most of their skills in this area.The first thing you want to do when you respond to the reading sample essay for ESL adult students is to make sure you write about what they need to know. Instead of getting caught up in what they need to know, you will be writing about what you know. It's okay to add information about yourself as well, but make sure that the information you are giving them is important. You need to make them feel as though they matter. Not only do they care about your opinion of them, but they care about your opinion of them.The next thing you want to do is to provide a response. Try to think of what you would say if you were working with this student. Think about how you would talk to them. Of course, you may not be able to come up with something as eloquent as the individual who writes the essay, but this is a great way to start thinking of your responses. It's the same exact thing you would be thinking about when you're talking to a student at school, except you're talking to someone who has mastered the English language and knows that the goal is to communicate with you instead of frustrating you.The last thing you want to do is to work with the response that you provide. Do this by creating a paragraph that demonstrates how you can help them with their jobs. Take your time with this paragraph. Instead of writing about what they do and why you think they should do it, think about what your profession could be doing for them. Ask questions, give suggestions, provide skills that you have gained, and whatever else you can think of that shows that you care.Once you've responded to the reading sample, your next step is to rewrite it and look for another response. Write another response and this time try to provide more information. The good thing about writing responses is that you don't have to be perfect, you just have to be honest. Tell the student exactly what you have learned about the situation.When you receive another response, you'll be able to put the pieces together and determine if this student needs to be proactive or passive. If the student was passive and didn't engage you, then the student has a long way to go before he or she is ready to have conversations with you. Don't write these response s, unless the student is ready for more information. The more the student gets from you, the better.After you have written a response, you want to read it and edit it so that you don't miss any specific points. For example, you want to make sure that you keep the essay around the same length, but you also need to make sure that it is correct. Finally, make sure you reread the response and make corrections if needed.

Thats What Leaders Are Made Of essays

Thats What Leaders Are Made Of essays A major role in the continuation of modern society is our leaders and the roles they play. They are the ones who will show us the way, so to speak. But who will these people, these leaders, be? What qualities and characteristics do leaders possess? And why is it we the people follow these leaders? But first, what is leadership? Leadership is a process whereby one group member influences and coordinates the behavior of other members in pursuit of the groups goals. This specific group member, the leader, provides guidance, specialized skills, and environmental contacts that help obtain the goals of the group. Some activities, or responsibilities, of the leader are planning, organizing, and controlling group activity (DeLamater and Michener 373). More specific responsibilities will be discussed later in the paper. Now that we know what leadership is and some of what a leaders responsibilities are, lets find out what it takes to be a leader. Think about someone you know whos in a leadership position. What are some characteristics they possess that make them a leader? There are many qualities that make a good leader, but there are four main ones: the leader has a goal and knows what to do to achieve it, the leader is a good decision-maker, the leader is honest, trustworthy, and respectful, and the leader is confident with what s/he does. Lets look at these one at a time. First, the leader has a goal and knows what to do to achieve it. This should be almost self-explanatory and go without saying, because what are you going to do if you have nothing to strive for? There as to be a goal to keeping working for, that way the group continuously moves forward. So say we have a goal. Great!! Now what? What are you going to do to achieve it? Every goal has to have a plan, or blueprint, as to how to accomplish it. A goal without a plan is like trying to cross the ocean without a boat. It do...

Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Geography - Essay Example The recent innovations would not change the world of work substantially. Higher literacy rate and increased research intensity majorly caused the growth of income in the later half of the 20th century. Finiteness of growth of these elements is a cause of halt in income growth. The rate of progress today is very slow compared to what it was from the start to the mid 20th century. Computer age is omnipresent but has failed to increase productivity like the innovations of the late 19th century did until the quarter of the 20th century. Innovation and technology are used interchangeably but the two terms are different. A hindrance in future innovation is poorly crafted regulations. The role of government as well as energy has changed in the transition from the late 20th to the 21st century. Globalization is one of the factors that caused the productivity slowdown since 1970s, though it also serves as an opportunity since any idea generated spreads world over. The real risk for advanced e conomies is the rigidity of institutions toward accommodation of changes that are truly revolutionary rather than the slow pace of innovation. Reflection I think that the pace of innovation has not slowed down. In fact, the speed with which the research and development is taking place today far exceeds any achieved in the past centuries. This article has more discussed the effect of innovation and new technologies on business, commerce, and everyday life rather than innovation itself. Considering the innovation aspect, the fact that every year brings along with it new models and upgraded specifications of almost every gadget that we have ranging from the cars to mobile phones provides evidence of the speed of innovation. So saying that innovation is not happening any more would be far from reality. Nevertheless, it is undoubtedly true that human life has never been impacted as much by innovation and new technology as it has been impacted from the start till the first quarter of the 20th century. The reason behind the decline in the impact of innovation on human life in the present age compared to the past is not just limited to the rigid attitude of the organizations and institutions toward sustaining the traditional ways of working. While it is an important factor, the reasons for the decline in innovation’s impact on human life extend beyond it to include the fact that the merits of adjusting the systems according to new technologies today are not as enormous as they were in the past. This is because of the fact that the general lifestyle of people a century ago or before that and the systems of trade and commerce were far less advanced than what they are today and had a lot of room for adjustment and improvement. Therefore, the decline has basically not happened in the speed of innovation. Instead, the decline has happened in the tendency of the systems to be improved probably because the existing systems address the fundamental needs of the society in many ways. Although there is growing concern about the safety of environment, yet this fact cannot be denied that the practices that have led to deterioration of the environmental health and safety are addressing the economic and various other needs of the society. One point that has been made in the article and which I disagree with is that the omnipresence of computer age has not increased the productivity the way the 19th century’s innovations did. Saying this is unfair because it undermines all the improvement in

Combating compassion fatigue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Combating compassion fatigue - Assignment Example In its entirety, compassion fatigue occurs when the caregiver remains focused on processes of giving care to others that they fail to realize and provide care for themselves. Notably, most of the caregivers went into the practice with the hope of facilitating assistance to those in need. Additionally, the caregivers rely extensively on their compassionate capacity to manage the intensity of the work that comes with the profession. However, at times, the intensity of the various situations and life experiences that the caregivers encounter causes them vulnerable to the possibilities of suffering compassion fatigue. In its nature, compassion fatigue entails all the symptoms that the caregiver experience causing them to suffer from overwhelming exposure to physical and emotional stressors that leave them feeling traumatized as helpers (Ochberg & Gift from Within (Organization), 2012). The core causes of the cases of compassion fatigue; thus, entail the exposure to the stressors that cause their feelings and experiences face challenges in managing their actions. Notably, the encounter with the clients exposes the caregivers to various elements, which can sig nificantly affect the cause of personal development of the caregiver. For instance, in a case where the caregiver is engaging with clients who suffer fears, pain, extreme suffering, intrusive thoughts, nightmares and hyper-vigilance; they face aspects of cumulative stresses. The caregiver bares the suffering of such people, in addition, to that of their personal lives such as family and friend issues can result to significant buildup of extreme states of anxiety and preoccupation of such sufferings (Ochberg & Gift from Within (Organization), 2012). These developments constitute the causative agents of the situations where the caregivers suffer compassion fatigue. The caregivers suffer vicarious traumatization, which results in various aspects of emotional, physical and

Industry Trends and Issues Report (Tourism and Hospitality Issues ) Lab

Industry Trends and Issues (Tourism and Hospitality Issues ) - Lab Report Example This provides an excellent opportunity for the emerging nations like South Africa, to develop and project their countries as popular tourist destinations. The Republic of South Africa, situated at the southern tip of the African continent is home to some of the most spectacular places and rich and varied spectrum of flora and fauna. The country, which is considered to be the third most bio – diverse country in the world, hosts a large variety of living wealth2. It offers most exotic travel destinations and caters to a wide range of tourists that enthralls them with its stunning coastal towns of Hermanus, Cape Town, Knysna, and Durban, and mountaineering in Hogsback as well as Drakensberg. The Cape Winelands offers world class wines while the Kruger National Park attracts tourists with its wild life safari packages. It was recognized as one of the developing world’s Ten Best Ethical Travel Destinations in 2008 Ethical Traveler Report3. The existence of a rich bio diverse environment, scenic locales and breath taking views coupled with its increasing popularity as the most favorite emerging travel destinations are indicati ve of a positive wave of tourism culture which can be exploited and nurtured through proper planning and implementation of measures to support such large influx of travelers in order to encourage and sustain its image as tourism destination of choice. This report is prepared by our organization, XYZ ltd (an independent private research organization), to be presented to the TBCSA – Tourism Business Council of South Africa. With more than 10% of the country’s resources protected by conservation regulations, it has a vast expanse of unblemished land which is rich in bio – diversity, abundant wild life, a large variety of flora and fauna as well as vibrant and culturally diverse cities. This however, has been met

Essay --

Lowi and his collaborators established four different typology for identifying and categorizing policy: Distributive, Redistributive, Protective Regulatory and Competitive regulatory. Distributive Distributive policies take â€Å"a resource from a broad group of people and gives the resource to a narrower group (Birkland, 210).† Such policies can be controversial because typically only the small group receiving the resources benefit from them. This can lead to interest group liberalism, â€Å"in which all claims to federal support and funding are assumed to be legitimate (Birkland, 212).† Detractors of distributive policy argue that government is â€Å"catering to clients† often failing to find better alternatives (Mitchell, 2014). An example of distributive property would be the Hurricane Sandy Relief Bill, which was labeled â€Å"Pork-Barrel† spending. The bill would allocate resources to specific districts that needed repair. Those districts and groups would, theoretically, be the only ones to benefit from said resources. Redistributive Redistributive policies are those â€Å"that takes a resource from one identifiable group and gives a benefit to another readily identifiable group (Birkland, 213).† Arguably the most contentious typology, redistributive policies involve taking some â€Å"valued public asset† from one group and allocating it to another (Mitchell, 2014). Affirmative action is an example of redistributive policy. It was series of policies and mandates that strove to provide minorities equal access to housing, educational, and employment opportunities, (Garrison-Wade, 24). Institutions of higher education began recruiting minorities in efforts to diversify their predominantly white population. Such policies were highly contentious as seen in... ...els. With issues such as unemployment and minimum wage, the issue has been debated and no new legislation has surfaced. President Obama has turned to these â€Å"workarounds† of collaborating with companies that help tackle his agenda initiatives due to a need for action. My argument would be, anyone that can contribute to fixing a problem, no matter how insignificant the contribution may seem, has a responsibility t do so. One of my classmates suggested that it wasn’t the president’s role to be involved in these matters. However, the role of the president has often been to use â€Å"the considerable prestige of the office to persuade people (Birkland, 108).† As long as there is logic and transparency in interlocal collaborative networks, Public-Private collaborations, and workarounds to federal legislation, citizens will still have opportunity to voice concerns and dissent.